Psychopathology in 9/11 Responders Exposed to Hurricane Sandy: Examining the Interactive Effects of Exposure and Resilience
By Justin Cohen
World Trade Center (WTC) disaster responders were exposed to psychological trauma due to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. As a result, many continue to suffer from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress which can worsen after exposure to subsequent traumatic events such as Hurricane Sandy. Preexisting data were obtained from a study group of anonymous WTC responders both before and after Hurricane Sandy. Statistical analyses concluded that higher levels of hurricane exposure were associated with increased symptoms of PTSD and distress following Sandy. It was also determined that 9/11 responders with high hurricane exposure levels who possessed increased adaptive coping skills prior to Sandy had lower distress symptoms post-Sandy. The results highlight the importance of adaptive coping skills in promoting resilience to psychological distress.