The main problem of our project was investigating whether or not there was an efficient 2D analog to the segment tree. Here, instead of updating and querying arbitrary ranges of a list of numbers, we want to update and query arbitrary submatrices of a matrix of numbers. When updating a submatrix, we add all numbers in the submatrix with an arbitrarily chosen constant value; when querying a submatrix, we find the minimum of all numbers in the submatrix.

The goal of my research is to find out the effects of showing different people various privacy suggestions in a Facebook-like system. In theory, this understanding could provide tools that allow users who want different amounts of privacy to achieve it conveniently. To adapt to users, however, one needs a model of the users. We picked Privacy Profiles, a previously established user model. Privacy Profiles basically categorize users of a social network based on the privacy features they use and are aware of.

Current computational devices and techniques are based on silicon microprocessors. Computer manufacturers have been increasing transistor density on computer chip microprocessors at a rate that approximates Moore’s Law, which states that the amount of gates on a single chip will double every two years. Unfortunately, the application of Moore’s Law has been predicted to reach an end because of the physical speed and miniaturization limits of silicon microprocessors. The advantages of DNA Computing include large storage capacity and an ample a supply of DNA, making it a cheap natural resource unlike the cost of fabrication of Si-based computers.

That summer, I applied to and was accepted to the Wolfram Science Summer School (WSSS) WSSS2012 was hosted at Curry College in Milton, Massachusetts. At WSSS2012, I met Stephen Wolfram, members of the Wolfram Science team, and numerous computer science enthusiasts from around the world, all with unique and interesting backgrounds. It was after talking to Dr. Wolfram for the first time that I decided to study long-distance cellular automata, or LDCA, a field of cellular automata that had not been extensively documented before.

It all started with social media. Like many Facebook fans of my age, a significant part of my life was spent on social media. As we take knowledge from the infinite pool of cyberspace, cyberspace, in return, instilled appalling social habits, and my social interactions simply became competitions of who can glue eyes to their screen the most. Consequently, for me (and my 819 friends), my speech patterns rescinded to a level akin to OMG LOL I have to get to class.

Math can be an intimidating field. To work on some problems, one must know decades or centuries of background before one can even understand the question. However, what tends to get lost in all of that is that math can be fun, even for the relatively uninitiated. There are problems in mathematics that are discrete (essentially, self-contained) and with some combination of background research, mathematical thought, and appropriate mentoring, they are easily within reach of the high school student.

The next hurdle was to figure out what information theory was really about. Since it is traditionally taught as an undergraduate or graduate level course, I dedicated the several weeks I had before RSI started to learning everything I could about information theory. This was already far too little time to digest an entire field, but you would be surprised at how much you can cover when you are focused on a single subject.

Hard drives have much smaller sectors than flash memory, which does give them a slight advantage in performance. While the data on a hard drive can be changed many times without causing physical wear on the drive, the data on a flash memory device can only be changed a certain amount of times (often over 500,000 times per page, but it still adds up) before the reliability of the drive starts to corrode.

I eventually picked the topic of automatic summarization of documents, which involves creating a shortened version of a document by analyzing the most important topics, or themes, in the document. The more I read about the field, the more interesting and feasible it seemed. Read More

As a student in the Medical Sciences Specialized Learning Center of Freehold High School in Freehold, New Jersey, I was given the opportunity to conduct independent research for the complete duration of my junior year. Having been given permission to complete any type of research, I wanted to challenge myself by working in a unique research field: I attempted to combine my knowledge and interest in the life sciences with computer science.

My initial inspiration to perform scientific research in the field of computer science came from my parents, whom I admire for their endless interest and successful efforts in their field of work. As a young child, I had visited their offices and saw some of their work. Although at the time I didn’t completely understand their jobs, I was amazed that the computer had the power to create such an impact on people’s lives.